If you filed as an expat living abroad in 2023, look at your tax return to see if you see the inclusion of form 2555. What matters most with this question is if you have taken it in any of the preceeding 5 years (so, for 2024 filing this would be 2019-2023), as you must continue to use it after the first instance or else you are considered to have "revoked" it, and cannot use it again for at least 5 years. This doesn't apply if in that period of time you had no income to exclude.
If this is your first year filing abroad, answer this question No. Also, if this is your first year filing abroad and you pay taxes where you reside, consider seeing first if you get a better result using the Foreign Tax Credit instead of of the Foreign Earned Income Exclusion. This can be the most beneficial option for taxpayers who pay higher taxes abroad than they would in the US on the same income, but allows for things like refundable child tax credits (if applicable) and more flexibility in regard to things like IRA or Roth IRA contributions.
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