You would take the tax credit for the taxes attributable to 2023 income (or "accrued") on an amended 2023 tax return. This is one instance where you don't take them in the year actually paid, because you need to match them with the income.
Since you would be amending to take a credit, you do not need to submit the return if there is no benefit derived from doing so. However, an additional refund for that year is not the only benefit you may see. You would also potentially have unused credits to carry forward as well, and it is likely worth amending to do so.
If you prepared your 2023 tax return in TurboTax there is no fee to amend that return. See How to Correct Federal Returns for more information on amending your tax return.
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