It depends on if the grants are taxable or not for US tax purposes. In reading this IRS publication, there is a stipulation in Part 2 (c) that states " if the grant's purpose is to achieve a specific objective, produce a report or similar product, or improve or enhance a literary, artistic, musical, scientific, teaching, or similar capacity, skill or talent of the grantee" then it isn't taxable income. If your grant falls within this parameter, it is not taxable income. This may be taxable income in Germany however and you may need to check with the German tax code.
If the grant does not fall within the parameter listed above, the income could be excluded under the foreign income exclusion since it is taxable income. Be sure you can qualify either through the bonafide presence test or the substantial presence test. Even though the income is excluded for US tax purposes, it may be taxable in Germany and you will need to pay German taxes.
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