You would amend your 2023 return, not 2022 (that was due April 15, 2024).
Yes, if a loss occurs in 2024, you can either take the deduction on your 2024 return (to be filed after January 31, 2025) or by amending your 2023 return (which you should have originally filed no later than April 15, 2024, unless you had an extension.) https://www.irs.gov/taxtopics/tc515
There are two reasons you might want to claim your loss by amending your 2023 return instead of claiming it on your 2024 return. A) to get a refund faster, or B) if your income is affected by the disaster in a way that would limit the deductibility of the loss.
As for reason A, it is so close to the regular filing season, that you will get any possible refund faster if you claim the loss on your 2024 return. Amended returns are taking more than 5 months to process and the IRS prioritizes current year returns. As for reason B, only you can determine that by testing both scenarios.
To amend a 2023 return, use these instructions.
https://ttlc.intuit.com/turbotax-support/en-us/help-article/amend-tax-return/amend-2023-federal-stat...
