As I understand it, in 2023 you made a traditional IRA contribution for 2022 and did not do anything by April 18, 2023 to have the IRA custodian reclassify the contribution as being for 2023 and did not request a return of this contribution by October, 15, 2023. Since participation in the 401(k) made you ineligible to deduct this contribution, you are required to have reported this contribution on 2022 Form 8606. If your tax return did not include that reporting you must amend 2022 to correct that. It cannot be treated as a contribution for 2023.
Note that the marking of box 13 Retirement plan on your 2022 Form W-2 indicates whether or not your were covered by this employer's retirement plan for 2022. Had you entered the traditional IRA contribution into TurboTax, TurboTax would have informed you of the deductibility of this contribution.
