Q. Line 31 on 1040 is blank - are you sure that's the correct line?
A. The adoption credit goes on line 20 of form 1040 and comes from line 6c of Schedule 1 after being calculated in form 8839, subject to "the amount from line 5 of the Credit Limit Worksheet in the instructions" (line 15 of form 8839).
What does all that mean? It appears to mean that you don't get any adoption credit (for 2023) because you have no tax liability to offset with the credit. The adoption credit is "non refundable". But you do get to carry it forward and maybe claim some of it in each of the next five years.
The real question appears to be how did TurboTax (TT)claim an adoption tax credit, for you when you didn't have a tax liability.
Revie your original form 1040 for the source(s) of that $8725 refund (what lines are adding up to $8725).
