we have no way of knowing if single is the proper filing status for you. (there is no filing status as widower even though Turbotax may phrase the question that way. It's single (at the top of the 1040 you'll see there's no box for widow/er).
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you file as single if unmarried or separated from a spouse, either by divorce or a separate maintenance decree.
if you had a spouse who died in 2021 or 2022 you file as single unless you met the tests for qualifying surviving spouse (QSS) (one test that must be met is that your home was the main home for a qualifying child or stepchild) If they died before 2021 QSS is not available
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you may file a joint return if on the last day of the year you both are:
a) married and living together
b) married and living apart but not legally separated or divorced
c) separated under an interlocutory (not final) divorce decree
d) living in a common-law marriage recognized by the state in which you lived
if your spouse died during 2023, you can file a joint return provided you meet one of the above tests through their date of death.
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if married in 2023 on the date of death of your spouse you can also choose married filing separately. Usually the worst option. if you're eligible for this filing status, depending on the other spouse's income a return may have to be filed for them.
Under this option, both taxpayers must use either the standard deduction or itemized
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as to the 401(k), it would seem the owner is over 59-1/2 so no early withdrawal penalty., we don't know if you are subject to the required minimum distribution (RMD) rules. if you aren't then you can withdraw whatever you like. if you are subject to the (RMD) rules contact the Trustee/custodian to make sure enough was withdrawn. The penalty for taking less is 25% of the shortfall, which can be reduced to 10% if correction is done timely
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the standard deduction you stated is for 2022 here are the 2023 numbers
Joint return or QSS $27,700 + $1,850 for each taxpayer who is age 65 +$1.850 for each taxpayer that is legally blind
single $13,850 same addition deduction for age 65 and/or blind as above
married filing separately $13,850 +$1,500 if age 85 or older + 1500 if blind
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the standard deduction is just a deduction against adjusted gross income which includes all taxable income:
401(k), self-employment income. based on $17,500 in income (your $7,200 of Social Security won't be taxed.
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with $5,000 of self-employment income you will pay about $700 in self-employment tax
