If you file as married filing separately, your refund can't be used to satisfy your spouse's debts if they occurred before the marriage. If your spouse has debts from during the marriage, and you have previously filed jointly, filing separately now may not be enough to prevent your refund from being offset, since when you file jointly, your debts are joint. But you would have to ask a specialist who can review your details.
If you are asking, can a court take your income into account when setting future payments if you file separately; you would have to ask your attorney or the court.
