If you are self-employed you can deduct ordinary and necessary expenses for the kind of work you do. "An ordinary expense is one that is common and accepted in your field of trade, business, or profession. A necessary expense is one that is helpful and appropriate for your business. An expense does not have to be required to be considered necessary." That includes tools and other supplies. Items with a useful life expectancy more than one year normally must be depreciated, but you seem to already know about the $2500 safe harbor rule. If you buy tools or equipment that are partly used for business and partly for personal use, you must allocate the cost on a percentage basis, and you must have some kind of record or notes showing your method for determining the business percentage, in case of audit.
Vehicle costs are deductible subject to certain rules and limits depending on whether you are using a business-only vehicle or a personal vehicle that is also used for business, and also subject to certain rules on which trips count as deductible trips. These rules are covered in chapter 4 of publication 463.
https://www.irs.gov/forms-pubs/about-publication-463
