"TurboTax knows the amount of my excess contribution, but it never asks me about the *earnings* on that excess contribution."
No, TurboTax does not ask this, because it can be found on a 1099-SA that the HSA custodian sends you. This 1099-SA will have a distribution code of '2' in box 3, to report the amount of the earnings on the excess contributions that you will have to add to your income.
As I noted way above, you normally just let the HSA custodian calculate the amount of earnings, although dmertz did allude above to a circumstance in which the HSA custodian might not be able to do this. Still, the normal process is for the 1099-SA with the code of '2' to come from the HSA custodian, who has already calculated the earnings.
Is this a problem with this, like you don't have a 1099-SA with a code of '2'?
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