Deductions & credits

What does standard deduction exactly mean? Is it all I’m claiming deducting such as donations, ect? 

 

 

What if your name is on a title/loan but you moved out and only resided at the property for 6 months?

 

i know with exemption, you have to be living at the property. I filed for this and had to complete an affidavit to confirm my ex husband no longer lives here. This question is regarding my Ex husband, does he still have the right to claim the home? 

 

 

Can you explain home exemption a little further please??