I am not sure what tax payments you are talking about in your question, but the only payments that you can deduct are any estimated taxes paid to state or local governments and any prior year's state or local income tax as long as they were paid during the tax year. However, federal income taxes owed and paid for in a prior year are not reported on nor deductible on a federal tax return.
If you paid federal tax payments in 2021 for the tax year 2018, you cannot deduct these payments on your 2021 tax return. If they were for state or local taxes, these can be claimed as a deduction on your federal return on Schedule A of your return.
