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Deductions & credits
You raise many issues.
1. If the child lives with you (custodial parent) only you can claim the dependency. If you wish to have him claim the dependency (presumably due to a divorce agreement) you do that through the 8332 as you have been.
2. Even if he claims the dependency he cannot, as the non custodial parent, file as Head of Household unless he has a separate qualifying child living with him. You retain that privilege along with the earned income credit and child care credit if otherwise qualified.
3. The IRS has its own rules and doesn’t care what your divorce agreement says.
4. Child support is irrelevant.
5. I don’t understand why the court was involved unless he felt that you breached your agreement and did not allow him the dependency under your divorce agreement.