If you had excess contributions of $2,000 from tax year 2019, then you can carry this over to tax year 2020, with the 6% penalty.
This carryover has the effect of reducing your 2020 HSA contribution limit by $2,000. This will likely cause another excess contribution. Let's say that you contributed less than the full HSA contribution amount in 2020, say $1,000 less.
This would cause $1,000 of the $2,000 carryover to be used up in 2020 (good), and would generate a $1,000 excess ($2,000-$1,000) for 2020. So the $1,000 excess carried over to 2021 would be penalized at 6% (better).
In 2021, you would again reduce your HSA contributions so that what you and your employer contribute is at least $1,000 less than what would be the normal limit for your situation. This will use up the carry over, and you will be free of it.
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