as a royalty owner you should be getting a report of the royalty's income and expenses, how and where you report depends on whether you bought a working interest (schedule C) or royalty interest (schedule E)
Royalty payments
Royalty income is reported on Form 1099-MISC, Box 2, Royalties. The oil and gas company will generally also report related expenses, including production tax. The person will continue to receive these royalty payments while the well is still producing. This should be reported on Schedule E, page 1, as Royalties Received. Any operating expenses and depletion that is normally 15 percent of the income amount is also reported on Schedule E. This income is not subject to self-employment income.
The royalty and lease payments for those that hold royalty interest make them subject to the Net Investment Income surtax of 3.8 percent of the net amount. This would be reported on Form 8960, Line 4.
Working interest
The working interest would be reported on a Schedule C for the gross receipts, expenses and depletion. The taxpayer will receive the gross receipts (including lease and bonus payments) on Form 1099-MISC, Box 7, Nonemployee Compensation. This will be reported on Schedule C, along with the expenses directly related and indirectly related. These include overhead, dry hole, legal and administrative, taxes, and other operating expenses.
While working interest would not be subject to the Net Investment Income surtax, it would be subject to the self-employment tax (Social Security and Medicare) reported on Schedule SE.
