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Deductions & credits
I don’t understand who you, the dad, and the friend are in your question.
if the child is under age 19 as of December 31, 2019, and lived in one of the child’s parents homes more than half the nights of the year, then that parent qualifies to claim the child as a dependent and for EIC.
The child is required by law to state on his tax return, “I can be claimed as a dependent by someone else” even if he does not want to be claimed and even if the person who could claim him does not want to claim him.
If the child qualifies as a dependent and qualifying person for EIC for the father, and if the father wants to claim these tax benefits, the father may need to file by mail, because e-filing may be blocked by the child’s failure to check the box that says “I can be claimed as a dependent.” When the IRS has two returns with conflicting information, such as the father claims the child but the child says he can’t be claimed, the IRS will send letters to both taxpayers to begin an investigation and one of the taxpayers will be required to correct their return and possibly repay any excess refund with interest and penalties.