If you were on a J1 student visa and were in the US less than 5 years or part years in 2019 or a J1 scholar visa for less than 2 years or part years in 2019, then you will need to file a dual status return.
If you were in the US for more than 5 years or part years as a J1 student, or in the US more than 2 years or part years as a J1 scholar in 2019, then you would be considered a resident.
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