@TPMJB , assuming that you are US citizen/Resident ( Green Card ), you are generally taxed on your world income.
(a) for the Physical Presence test you need a test period of continuous 12 months in which you were away from the USA for 330 full days. Thus if you arrived at the foreign location on 6th of May 2019, you would be qualified for physical Presence Test somewhere around early May 2020. Therefore you should consider filing our federal return ( and the state where you worked / lived prior to moving abroad ) after 7th of May 2020. Also because you are abroad, your filing date is June 15th 2020 ( taxes due payment date is still April 15th. 2020 ).
(b) The current foreign Earned Income exclusion being $109,800 ( if I remember right ), amount available to you for 2019 would be for approx. 7/12 ths. of that maximum -- it is prorated by the ration of qualified foreign days over total year days . Any foreign income taxes attributable to non-excluded foreign earnings would be eligible for foreign tax credit.
(c) You US earned income would be taxable by the USA
(d) Till you pass the Physical Presence Test TurboTax would assume that you do not pass the test and therefore will not allow the exclusion. To get the thing to work you would have to play with the dates such that only 7/12 of the max amount is allowed -- can be done in forms mode ( available in the desktop version). Thus trying this now may or may not give you a reasonable answer.
(e) also note that by not reporting your foreign income ( i.e not reporting it for tax purposes ) will not give you a good answer either because with foreign earned income exclusion worksheet uses the world income ( before exclusion ) to calculate provisional US taxes and then deducts the taxes that would have been due to the excluded amount to come up with the final taxes due . It is messy and not in your favor , but thems the rules.
Suggest you just wait till after you qualify for the Physical Presence Test.
