Your mistake was not filing a CA return, at all. It was required. Your 2nd mistake was not addressing the first letter you got from CA ("wages garnished"). You now need to prepare a part year resident 2013 CA return, correctly calculating the tax on only your CA income and get that to the CA tax people. At this stage, You probably need a tax pro to help you.
You say "I lived in Texas working oil field". If you moved to TX, from CA, for a temporary job, and then moved back to CA, you would be considered a full year CA resident for tax purposes
