No, the fact that you entered estimated taxes has nothing to do with this. TurboTax appears to be applying the qualification requirements for a taxpayer who was under age 18 as of January 1, 2023.
According to Line 34, State Sales Tax Refund in the Form DR 0104 Booklet:
If you are a full-year Colorado resident who was under 18 as of January 1, 2023, you may claim the state sales tax refund only if you have a Colorado tax liability (line 14 must be greater than 0) or you are claiming a refund of Colorado wage withholding on a W-2. Your return must be postmarked by October 15, 2024.
[Bolding mine.]
In other words, if you were under 18, you can't get the credit unless you had a state tax liability (making estimated tax payments wouldn't affect this), or you're claiming a state refund based on Form W-2 Colorado withholding.
See the Colorado Department of Revenue's Taxpayer's Bill of Rights (TABOR) Information for more information.
