Yes. Any money you earn while physically present in Virginia is considered to be Virginia source income and taxable to the state.
The residency rules apply to what type of return you need to file — resident or nonresident. If you worked in Virginia for two weeks you would file a nonresident return.
Virginia says:
*Taxable income from Virginia sources includes "income from the practice of a trade or business in Virginia" and includes, but is not limited to, wages and salaries earned while in Virginia, income from a business operating in Virginia, rental income from a property in Virginia, etc.
What Form Should I File | Virginia Source Income
