Your question is not clear.
I assume by "unemployment tax" you mean income tax on your unemployment compensation (reported on form 1099-G). There is no earned "income tax rate" nor a "federal withholding rate of 10%".
There are just tax brackets of 10%, 12%, 22%, 24%, 32%, 35% and 37%. Income is either taxed as ordinary income (both earned income and unemployment are ordinary income) or as long term capital gains ("qualified" dividends are also treated as capital gains).
Unless you're somebody's dependent, your first $12,550 of income is not taxed at all. The next $9950 is taxed at 10%. After $22,500 the tax rate is 12%.
As your surmise, 30% is wrong. You've entered something wrong. The most likely explanation is you've entered it a self employment income and TurboTax is calculating both income tax and self employment tax (SET). SET is how the self employed pay their social security and medicare tax.
