Your state tax withholding depends on your payroll department. Your company should withhold based on where you live and/or work, not where you receive your mail. It doesn't always happen.
It sounds as if you are back in California so check you pay stubs to see what tax was withheld for those five weeks—California or Hawaii.
Update your address
If you are back in California, update your address. Your employer should withhold California tax. People who earn money while physically present in California must pay California tax, whether you are a resident or nonresident.
You are most likely still a resident, despite a five-week absence. California says, "If you are physically present in California for at least nine months you are presumed to be a resident of California for purposes of the California personal income tax under CRTC § 17016."
See: Residency and income sourcing
What about Hawaii?
Unfortunately, you are liable for both Hawaii and California tax for those five weeks you were in The Aloha State. Hawaii taxes telecommuters and I assume you remained a California resident while working “temporarily” in Hawaii.
Kokua Line: Teleworking from paradise may sting come tax time
File a nonresident Hawaii return and a resident California return. California will give you a credit for tax paid to Hawaii. TurboTax can handle this situation.
How do I file a nonresident state return?
