Please see a response from my colleague TurboTax Anthony who answered a similar question.
It's not as simple as just being stationed out of state. It depends
on the facts surrounding your residency. Below is a link to a helpful
guide from NY State on the topic and a link to the more detailed
publication on the matter. If you are a bona fide NY resident, then
your income is likely taxable.
An example of a situation of
where your military income may not be taxable is if your permanent home
was NY when you entered the military but then you left NY and now you
maintain a permanent home outside of NY, have no home inside NY and have
spent 30 days or less in NY during the tax year - then NY will consider
you a nonresident for tax purposes and your income would not be
taxable.
See the full details and requirements at the links below -
https://www.tax.ny.gov/pit/file/military_page.htm
https://www.tax.ny.gov/pdf/publications/income/pub361.pdf
