After you file

Efiling and choosing direct deposit for any refund are the fastest way.   

[EDITED 2/14/2019:  See other answer on this page re:  Taxpayer Advocate Service if you have a financial hardship or are having a problem dealing with the IRS about a delayed refund.]

There's no way to predict what all the IRS will do during processing.  The IRS says 9 out of 10 filers who use efiling and direct deposit will get refunds within 21 days.

If you efiled, double-check with this tool to be sure the return was efiled successfully and accepted:
https://shop.turbotax.intuit.com/efile/efile_status_lookup.jsp

If that showed it was accepted (or if you mailed the return), you can monitor the Federal refund at:
https://www.irs.gov/Refunds