It's possible the actual amount of income earned was higher than the amounts used to prepare the estimated tax payment vouchers in the prior year or your income level went above the threshold to use the 100% rate. If this happened, you would be required to pay at least 110% of your prior year tax as opposed to 100% of your prior year tax. Please see this link for more details on how the penalty is calculated.
In the future, you can also choose to annualize your income using the information in this link to potentially reduce your penalty if your income is not earned equally throughout the year.
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