@Ferris Bueller
No, TurboTax doesn't calculate MAGI for increased Medicare premiums ("IRMAA"). But MAGI for IRMAA is simply Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) plus tax-exempt interest. On your tax return for 2021 through 2024 the MAGI for IRMAA is Form 1040 line 11 plus line 2a.
Note that your IRMAA is based on your MAGI from two or three years ago. For example, your IRMAA for 2025 will usually be based on your 2023 tax return, or possibly your 2022 tax return.
