I don't know what you mean, but let me take a guess.
If you itemize your deductions, you can deduct state and local income taxes. You deduct taxes when you pay them, not when they are due. For example, in 2024, you have state tax withholding, that is deductible on your 2024 return. If you also make a payment in 2024 to the state for past year taxes, that is also deductible on your 2024 return.
For federal income taxes, they are not deductible on your federal return, no matter when they are paid. They may be deductible in some states, and in that case you follow the same rules above. The taxes are deductible when actually paid (or withheld) no matter what year they were for.
There is a section in the deductions interview to list taxes you pay outside of withholding.
