if you get a year end bonus you have until Jan 15 to notice that and make an Estimated Tax payment.
Usually a bonus goes on your W-2 and your withholding schedule (W-4) should take care of it.
See Form 2210 for the various parameters that can result in a penalty and how to avoid that.
Once you are penalized, that is motivation to study the form more carefully.
See W-4 Line 4(c) to have extra withholding.
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