Did my federal taxes go through?

I filled in my paperwork and it came time to pay for my federal and state taxes. I selected the method to charge my credit card for my FEDERAL taxes, but since I don't have e-file, I needed to mail in my STATE taxes. I got no confirmation or return form for my federal taxes, and it is not showing up in my credit card statement... did it really go through?? Will I be penalized? How can I check that TurboTax actually allowed me to pay for Federal. Am I supposed to have received confirmation or a tax return that I need to send in for federal as well?