Income earned from working is always filed on a tax return in your own name, even if you are someone else's dependent. You may be able to tell if a return was filed in your name by checking your IRS account online.
https://www.irs.gov/payments/view-your-tax-account
However, depending on your circumstances, it may not be able to verify you. Try it and see.
If a return was filed listing one W-2 but not all of them, you will need to file an amended tax return. If no tax return was filed for that year, you would file one tax return that lists all your income for the year.
Turbotax only supports back to 2017, so to go farther back you will need to download the correct year form 1040 and instructions from the IRS web site. If you were single with no kids, you can use the 1040-EZ form which you really should be able to do on your own.
https://www.irs.gov/forms-pubs/prior-year
Now as a practical matter, if you were single with no kids, you were probably due a refund. If the IRS though you owed, they would be sending you bills. Any refund won't be paid if you file more than 3 years late, and there are no penalties for not filing if you would have been due a refund. So you can potentially ignore this. On the other hand, it certainly would not hurt to get all your finances in order and clear this up even if you won't get a refund, and it should be easy to do.
