After you file

2016 - 8606 with non-deductible $5,500 contribution. That gives you a basis of $5,500

2017 - 8606 with  non-deductible $5,500 contribution and a conversion of $11,000
That uses up your basis assuming you converted immediately exactly $11,000

With a non-deductible contribution, the only thing you can do wrong is take a deduction.
In that case you would owe money back to the IRS.