Once your return is accepted and your refund processed it will take about two weeks for your refund to attempt to be deposited by your bank. If the account number does not pass the validation test by the IRS the IRS will send you a paper check.
If the account number passes the validation test and the IRS sends the funds to your bank the bank will typically reject the deposit and return it to the IRS. After that it will take the IRS one to two weeks to process your refund and send it to you by paper check.
If it is an active account, most banks will match the check name with the account number and reject tax refund direct deposits that do not include the account owner's name. However this is not guaranteed. It is best practice to contact your bank and let them know of the issue.
If your financial institution has accepted your funds and did not return them to the IRS then you will have to initiate a trace. The IRS will contact your bank and attempt to recover your funds. You will need to wait for two weeks after your return was processed. Once the two week period has passed you will have to file IRS Form 3911 and file it according to the instructions. https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/f3911.pdf
It is important to note that timing does not include the additional wait period for taxpayers that are claiming the Earned Income or Child tax credits. IRS does not start processing those returns until 15 Feb 2017.
The best way to track the status of your refund is at the "Where's My Refund" link on the IRS website: https://www.irs.gov/refunds
