If the taxes you paid this year related to a prior year was for Federal income taxes, there is no deduction on the current year return and that amount is not entered anywhere on the current year return.
If the taxes you paid this year related to a prior year was for state or local income taxes, and if you are taking a deduction for state and local income taxes paid as part of your itemized deductions on Schedule A (rather than the standard deduction), you can enter those prior year state and local income taxes as part of your state and local income tax deduction to be included on Schedule A.
