After you file

Was the 2016 return prepared in Online TurboTax (website version?)   If prepared in desktop software (CD/download), the *.tax2016 data file and any PDFs would be stored locally on your computer or external media.

If the 2016 return was prepared online, log in and go to the Tax Home page.  It may already open by default on the Tax Home page.  If not, you can click Tax Home in the left menu column.    Then on the Tax Home page scroll down to "Your Tax Returns & Documents".     Click on that line or on the word "Show" to expand that topic  Then you should see a list of prior tax years.  Click on the one you need.

If you do that, but find no evidence of the 2016 return, then you likely have multiple accounts and signed into the wrong one.  To get a list of your User IDs and recover account access, you can use the tool at the link below.  Try using your phone number first.   After that, if necessary, then run the tool on your email address(es) you can access.

NOTE: Before running the account recovery tool below, log out of all Intuit accounts including this user forum, or you might end up in a loop.  Then clear your browser Internet cache, close your browser, then reopen it, and go to the link below.  You may wish to copy this link so you can paste it into the new browser session.

https://myturbotax.intuit.com/account-recovery

If still no luck after running that on your phone number and email address(es), then go back to the tool again, but this time leave the data field blank, and choose the small blue link that says "Try something else", and it will look you up by SSN and other parameters.