Second Income no W-2 or Withholding

I earn around $60k/yr through my primary employer who provides a W-2, so it's been easy to file my taxes with TurboTax. I typically end up using the standard deduction, even with a mortgage.

 

This past year, I started working at a second job where I earn about $12k/yr, but they do not withhold or provide any W-2. So far, it's unknown if they even report my earnings.

 

If I decide to report the income from this second job, should I expect Federal and State (CA) taxes to be taken? Other taxes or fees? Can this be done in TurboTax?

 

If I decide to continue reporting it next year, should I pay quarterly taxes? Federal and State? Use TurboTax?

 

Thank you