I am owing federal tax for 2017 for the first time and not sure about what will happen in 2018, can I use 1040ES anytime in 2018 to pay estimated tax later?

According to Turbotax I owe $2500 in federal tax this year due to RSU vesting and unexpected stock wash sale disallowed amount.

My total federal tax due for 2017 is around $60k and my company has withdrawn around $57k from my regular paychecks.

I had no tax liability for 2016 and is a green card holder since 2015.

My situation gets complicated in 2018 because I will get more RSU vesting this year but at the same time bought a primary residence with a mortgage which might be able to offset the income increase through the year.

I prefer not to pay estimated tax at this point because I need money now and can't afford additional payments until June or July.

My questions are:

1. Besides changing W4 (currently already set to 1), can I use 1040ES to pay estimated tax amount later in the year, say August, September etc ? 

2. In the worst case in case I still  end up owing tax next year, how bad would the penalty be (say if the tax I will owe is still less than 10% due on 2018) ?