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After testing the scenario in your question, the only way that I could find to populate line 4 of Sch ADJ for the Virginia return was by entering US bond interest in the Federal 1099-INT screen box 3 (which I know is not what is needed for your case).
In order to get the capital gain from the sale of the bonds to be excluded from your Virginia income, an override on the line 4 Sch ADJ of the Virginia return will be needed. At the current time, there is not another way to populate that field with a capital gain amount.
[edited 2/24/19 | 5:18 am PST]
