I spent way too long trying to solve the same problem, and finally did.
Make sure you check the number that is listed on your profile, not just on your taxes. I updated the number on my profile using a friend’s US number. I clicked “verify“ and had the friend forward the code to me. Once the number was verified, I used the same phone number on the tax forms and had no issue e-filing.
*The person’s number I used was married-filing jointly so her spouse’s number was used in TurboTax and not hers; not sure if this will make a difference or not.
