I was finally able to get mine to work, so hopefully it will work for you! I had the same error message that you posted:
The Intuit Electronic Filing System is having difficulty recognizing the data in the return you are sending. To ensure you have the latest version of TurboTax, wait 24 hours to update your program automatically. If you still can't transmit your return, go to www.support.turbotax.com for a solution or workaround. In some cases, you may need to file your return by mail. - 601ERRV:5, CustHdr_17 - ?:? - Invalid SMS Number. Must be between 10 and 10 digits.
It turns out that the problem was that I had entered an international phone number in my TurboTax account (which could be different from the number that you actually put on the taxes). So try to go in to your TurboTax account settings (somewhere on the left hand side if I remember correctly), and check that you have a 10 digit US number entered there. This must be a bug, because I was able to verify my international number with TurboTax while I was signing up, but for some reason they didn't accept it when I was submitting.
Hopefully this will work for most people getting this error message! I feel your pain!
