I finally got mine to transmit from Germany! Thanks for the advice. I went into my "Intuit Account"- bottom left corner- and deleted the German landline I had on file. On my taxes, I had a 10 digit US number (Google Voice number). I tried to transmit my tax return again but it still didn't work. I then went back to my Intuit Account and entered the same 10 digit Google Voice number and verified it. I was able to receive the verification SMS by viewing my Voice account online. Before trying to transmit my taxes again, I logged off and then logged back in again. I noticed on the final screen with the CAPTCHA, my verified phone number was present asking me if I wanted updates via SMS. I transmitted my taxes and it finally worked.
I'm not sure if you can set up a Google Voice number from over seas, but perhaps a Skype number would work.
I think the glitch lies in that it seems you can only enter a 10 digit phone number on the tax return itself and that number must correspond to the number on file in your Intuit Account.
I hope this is helpful for someone. I tried calling Turbotax yesterday and could not get through because of high call volume.
