Your tax return can be saved as both a pdf and a tax data file. Put those in a safe place and make backups, then you can delete the programs without fear. If you can’t save the data file that’s an indication of a serious problem. You should be able to do a Save...As to change the name and save a copy on a flash drive or other safe location.
I’m not sure your problem is solvable by TurboTax, I think you have a file system or hard drive error. My windows fixit skills are limited to running chkdsk /f from the command line.
