New to not receiving a refund and did not make estimated payments this past year

Last year was the first year I ever owed taxes. I was not aware of the estimated tax payments even though they clearly printed out with my printed return; why? I knew I would pay my taxes in full for this tax year and did not need what seemed to be a payment plan. Well, TurboTax for this year is NOT HELPING me with this; like what is the penalty? When do I find out or how much and when do I have to send in if any?  I owe even more this year and we are talking about a $5k+ amount. Is this true? Or can I just pay what my tax due is showing? WTH is going on with these taxes? I appreciate not having all the itemizations but at the same time I am not getting any deductions for any of my itemizations and the standard deduction is a joke.