Yes, if your grandchild meets the IRS tests for a qualifying child you can claim them as a dependent.
The tests are:
1. Relationship. Your grandchild would meet this test.
2. Age - they must be under age 19 (or under age 24 if they are a full time student) or be permanently disabled.
3. Residence-they must have lived with you for more than 6 months of the year.
4. Support.- You must have provided more than half of the child's support for the year.
5. Joint Return-The child cannot file a joint return (see exceptions)
6. Citizenship-The child must be US Citizen or US Resident Alien and must have a social security number.
Please see the Dependents section of this link if you need more detailed information on any of these tests: Dependents and Other information
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