The question was "Does the IRS ask for proof that this is your SS number?" As KittyM stated, so long as your name on your tax return matches the name on your Social Security card, then the IRS will have no reason to question your number. The IRS does not have access to your birth certificate.
@lofgrenb: As for the concern that a misspelled name on the Social Security card could cause problems with things like survivor benefits, that is not a question we can answer; please direct this question to the Social Security Administration (SSA).
Please note that once the name is updated on your new Social Security card, there will be a delay before the IRS is notified. For this reason, you may find it preferable to file your return this year (while the IRS and the SSA both have the old name), then apply to change the name with the SSA after your e-file has been accepted by the IRS.
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