there are safe harbors so you will owe no penalties for underpayment of tax. this is a short list. there are other exceptions.
if you had a tax liability in 2018,
then if you have 2019 withholding that equals 100% of the 2018 tax (110% if single or MFJ if 2018 adjusted gross income over $150,000) no penalties despite how much your 2019 taxable income jumps. (if you have made other estimated tax payments, they count too. the difference is w/h is assumed to be prorata throughout the year unless you use actual amounts for each period but estimates are based on date paid)
if you don't meet this exception
TT default method for estimated tax penalties is to assume income and withholding are equal throughout the year and estimated tax payments are based on the date paid. to avoid the penalty calculation, you will need to use the annualized income installment method on the form 2210 and need to submit it with return.
