No, the IRS only receives the appropriate Schedules and Forms for your tax situation - not the entire content of the data you have inputted into TurboTax. So, in your example, TurboTax would fill out the Medical Worksheet, which would contain all the details about your total medical expenses. But, this worksheet itself would not be sent to the IRS. Only Schedule A showing the overall totals and the calculations would be sent to the IRS.
Since it shows that you are using the desktop software, you could switch to Forms Mode and bring up the Medical Worksheet. At the top, you will see "Keep for your records" - this indicates its a form that you should retain for your records but that is not actually sent to the IRS.
