One by one answers to your questions:
1.) Can you claim her as a dependent? You can file Married Filing Joint. When you file a joint return she is not your dependent but rather a co-declarer. This is better: you get an additional standard deduction, her exemption, and a lower overall tax bracket. This is a better filing status than filing as Married Filing Separately.
2.) Do I need to file her tax returns also? It depends. Her tax return is your tax return if you are filing Married Filing Joint. I recommend you contact her employer to obtain her W-2 to remove all doubt.
3.) Is there any minimum number of work hours? No. Even if the pay was $30 or $40, they will still provide a W-2. That's different from 1099-MISC forms, which do not have to be sent if the amount is under $600.
4.) Do I need to claim my ST disability? Maybe. At times it is taxable and at times it is not. If it is taxable, you will receive a separate document. You might want to contact your employer about whether or not your disability payments were taxable. (General rule: if you paid for the premiums with after-tax funds, st disability payments are not taxable. However, if the employer pays for it, they will be taxable. But you will generally receive a w-2 for it when this is the case.)
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