Tax question

I received a refund for the 2023 tax year. For 2024, I paid $1900. I started my taxes for 2025 and I have been shocked to find that the amount I owe is nearly $5000! Until the last two years, I have never owed taxes. Neither I nor my wife have received any significant pay increases. I am also finding out I have a penalty. I am confused as to what is going on.