Yes to the extent you can increase withholding it will reduce the amount of ES owed, and therefore any penalty from the ES being late. ES = Safe Harbor - Withholding (and then divide by 4 for what is due per quarter by default). This is what Form 2210 is calculating on Lines 1-9, suggest reviewing that.
It sounds like you increased withholding for the August gain/loss which was the right thing to do (any maybe helped meet your safe harbor already based on prior year tax?). The only problem for the rest of 2025 is there isn't much time left to increase your withholding, by the time payroll provider processes maybe you can get it higher for December.
All this should go into your 2026 planning also - when you file with TT it will generate ES vouchers by default assuming you need to meet 100/110% of your 2025 tax liability, less withholding (which is assumed for 2026 to be the same as 2025). Sometimes this estimate is too high if your situation is steady you only need to pay 90% of 2026 tax. You can update these assumptions under Other Tax Situations / Form W4 and Estimated Taxes including estimates of 2026 income and withholding to optimize the ES projection. If you anticipate more gain/loss in 2026 or say a Roth conversion you may be better off just planning quarterly ES payments based on prior year tax. You can also adjust the ES payments lower later in the year if you revise your estimates and don't need to pay as much, but you can't increase or make one-off ES later in the year to make up for income earlier in the year without a penalty; but you can use withholding any time...
